Important Articles of Indian Constitution for Judiciary Exams 2023

As you gear up to take the Judiciary exams, you must be aware of all the articles of the Indian Constitution. On average, you can expect 10-15 questions from the Indian Constitution in the Preliminary Examination of the Judiciary Exam.

While there are 448 articles in total, not all will be covered in the examination. However, the ten articles below are the most important and will likely be covered in detail.

So, read on and familiarize yourself with these critical articles of our Constitution!

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Important Constitutional Articles for Judiciary Exams

The Indian Constitution is a lengthy document with 448 articles in total. However, a few articles are significant and cover some of the most critical aspects of the Constitution.

These articles are essential for anyone preparing for Judiciary exams, as they provide a basic overview of the Constitution and its key components.

Part 1 - Article 1 to Article 4

• Article 1 – Name and territory of the union.
• Article 2 – Admission and establishment of the new state.
• Article 3 – Forming new states and altering existing states' areas, boundaries, and names.

Part 2 - Article 5 to Article 11

• Article 5 – Citizenship at the commencement of the constitution.
• Article 6 – Rights of citizenship of a certain person who has migrated to India from Pakistan.
• Article 10 – Continuance of rights of citizenship.
• Article 11 – Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

Part 3 - Article 12 to Article 35

• Article 12 – Definition of the state.
• Article 13 – Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.

Important Fundamental Rights 

There were originally seven basic fundamental rights in the Indian Constitution; now, only six remain. By the 44th amendment act of 1978, the Right to Property U/A 31 was removed from the list of fundamental rights. Part XII of the constitution contains a legal right referred to as U/A 300–A.

Right to Equality - Article 14 to Article 18

• Article 14 – Equality before the law.
• Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
• Article 17 – Abolition of the untouchability.
• Article 18 – Abolition of titles.

Right to Freedom- Article 19 to Article 22

• Article 19 – Guarantees all citizens the six rights, and they are
  1. Article 19A – Freedom of speech and expression.
  2. Article 19B – Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms.
  3. Article 19C – Freedom to form associations or unions.
  4. Article 19D – Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.
  5. Article 19E – Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
  6. Article 19G – Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business.
• Article 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
• Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty.
• Article 22 – Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

Right Against Exploitation - Article 23 and Article 24

• Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
• Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children (Under the age of 14) in factories and mines.

Right to Freedom of Religion - Article 25 to Article 28

• Article 25 – Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.
• Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs.
• Article 27 – Freedom to pay taxes to promote any particular religion.
• Article 28 – Freedom from attending religious instruction.

Cultural and Educational Rights - Article 29 and Article 30

• Article 29 – Protection of interest of minorities.
• Article 30 – Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

Right to Constitutional Remedies - Article 32

• Article 32 – Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

Part 4 - Directive Principles of State Policy (Article 36 to Article 51)

• Article 36 – Definition
• Article 37– Application of DPSP
• Article 39A – Equal justice and free legal aid
• Article 40 – Organization of a village panchayat
• Article 41 – Right to work, education, and public assistance in certain cases
• Article 43 – Living Wages, etc., for workers.
• Article 43A – Participation of workers in the management of industries.
• Article 44 – Uniform civil code
• Article 45 – Provision for free and compulsory education for children.
• Article 46 – Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST), and OBC.
• Article 47– Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
• Article 48 – Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry.
• Article 49 – Protection of monuments, places, and objects of natural importance.
• Article 50 – Separation of judiciary from the executive.
• Article 51 – Promotion of international peace and security.

Part 4A - Fundamental Duties: Article 51A

The eleven fundamental duties are listed below. 42nd amendment act 1976 added 10 fundamental duties. One more was added to the list by the 86th amendment act of 2002.

• Abide by the Constitution and respect the national flag & National Anthem
• Follow the ideals of the freedom struggle
• Protect the sovereignty & integrity of India
• Defend the country and render national services when called upon
• Spirit of common brotherhood
• Preserve composite culture
• Preserve natural environment
• Develop scientific temper
• Safeguard public property
• Strive for excellence
• Duty for all parents/guardians to send their children in the age group of 6-14 years to school.

Read Also - Tips to Remember Important Articles

Part 5 - Union: Article 52 to Article 151

• Article 52 – The President of India
• Article 53 – Executive Power of the union
• Article 54 – Election of President
• Article 61 – Procedure for Impeachment of the President
• Article 63 – The Vice–president of India
• Article 64 – The Vice–President to be ex–officio chairman of the council of States
• Article 66 – Election of Vice–president
• Article 72 – Pardoning powers of President
• Article 74 – Council of ministers to aid and advise President
• Article 76 – Attorney–General for India
• Article 79 – Constitution of Parliament
• Article 80 – Composition of Rajya Sabha
• Article 81 – Composition of Lok Sabha
• Article 83 – Duration of Houses of Parliament
• Article 93 – The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people
• Article 105 – Powers, Privileges, etc. of the House of Parliament
• Article 109 – Special procedure in respect of money bills
• Article 110 – Definition of “Money Bills”
• Article 112 – Annual Financial Budget
• Article 114 –Appropriation Bills
• Article 123 – Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of parliament
• Article 124 – Establishment of Supreme Court
• Article 125 – Salaries of Judges
• Article 126 – Appointment of acting Chief justice
• Article 127 – Appointment of ad–hoc judges
• Article 128 –Attendance of retired judge at sitting of the Supreme Court
• Article 129 – Supreme Court to be a court of Record
• Article 130 – Seat of the Supreme Court
• Article 136 – Special leaves for an appeal to the Supreme Court
• Article 137 – Review of judgment or orders by the Supreme Court
• Article 141 – Decision of the Supreme Court of India binding on all the courts
• Article 148 – Comptroller and Auditor–General of India
• Article 149 – Duties and Powers of CAG

Part 6 - States: Article 152 to Article 237

• Article 153 – Governors of State
• Article 154 – Executive Powers of Governor
• Article 161 – Pardoning powers of the Governor
• Article 165 – Advocate–General of the State
• Article 213 – Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances
• Article 214 – High Courts for states
• Article 215 – High Courts to be a court of record
• Article 226 – Power of High Courts to issue certain writs
• Article 233 – Appointment of District judges
• Article 235 – Control over Subordinate Courts

Part 9 - Panchayats: Article 243 to Article 243O

• Article 243A – Gram Sabha
• Article 243B – Constitution of Panchayats 

Part 12 - Finance, Properties, Contracts, and Suits: Article 264 to Article 300A

• Article 266 – Consolidated Fund and Public Accounts Fund
• Article 267 – Contingency Fund of India
• Article 280 – Finance Commission
• Article 300 A – Right to property

Part 13 - Trade, Commerce, and Intercourse within the Territories of India: Article 301 to Article 307

• Article 301 – Freedom to trade, commerce, and intercourse
• Article 302 – Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce, and intercourse.

Part 14 - Services under State and State: Article 308 to Article 320

• Article 312 – All– India–Service
• Article 315 – Public service commissions for the union and for the states 
• Article 320 – Functions of Public Service Commission

Part 14A - Tribunals: Article 323 to Article 323B

• Article 323A – Administrative Tribunals

Part 15 - Elections: Article 324 to Article 329

• Article 324 – Superintendence, direction, and control of Elections to be vested in an Election Commission
• Article 325 – No person to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special electoral roll on the grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex
• Article 326 – Elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of states to be on the basis of adult suffrage

Part 16 - Special Provisions to SC, ST, OBC, Minorities: Article 330 to Article 342

• Article 338 – National Commission for the SC & ST
• Article 340 – Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes

Part 17 - Official Language: Article 343 to Article 351

• Article 343 – Official languages of the Union
• Article 345 – Official languages or languages of a state
• Article 348 – Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts
• Article 351 – Directive for development of the Hindi languages

Part 18 - Emergency: Article 352 to Article 360

• Article 352 – Proclamation of emergency (National Emergency)
• Article 356 – State Emergency (President’s Rule)
• Article 360 – Financial Emergency

Part 20 - Amendment of Constitution: Article 368

• Article 368 – Powers of Parliaments to amend the constitution.

Important Parts of the Indian Constitution for Judiciary Exams

Refer to the table below to learn the important parts of the Indian Constitution to ace the upcoming Judiciary Exams.

Parts of the Indian Constitution	Subjects	Articles in Indian Constitution
Part I	Union & Its Territory	Article 1-4
Part II	Citizenship	Article 5-11
Part III	Fundamental Rights	Article 12-35
Part IV	Directive Principles	Article 36-51
Part IV A	Fundamental Duties	Article 51A
Part V	The Union	Article 52-151
Part VI	The States	Article 152-237
Part VII	Note: 7th Amendment Act, 1956 repealed Part 7	–
Part VIII	The Union Territories	Article 239-242
Part IX	The Panchayats	Article 243-243O
Part IX A	The Municipalities	Article 243P-243ZG
Part IX B	Co-operative Societies	Article 243ZH-243ZT
Part X	Scheduled and Tribal Areas	Article 244-244A
Part XI	Relation between Union & States	Article 245-263
Part XII	Finance, Property, Contracts, and Suits	Article 264-300A
Part XIII	Trade, Commerce, and Intercourse within the territory of India	Article 301-307
Part XIV	Services under the Union and States	Article 308-323
Part XIV A	Tribunals	Article 323A-323B
Part XV	Elections	Article 324-329A
Part XVI	Special Provisions relating to certain classes	Article 330-342
Part XVII	Official Languages	Article 343-351
Part XVIII	Emergency Provisions	Article 352-360
Part XIX	Miscellaneous	Article 361-367
Part XX	Amendment of the Constitution	Article 368
Part XXI	Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions	Article 369-392
Part XXII	Short title, Commencement, and Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals	Article 3

Schedules of the Indian Constitution for Judiciary Exams

You can learn about the important schedules of the Indian Constitution in the table below to succeed in the Judiciary Exams.

Schedules of the Indian Constitution	Indian Constitution Articles
First Schedule	Article 1 and Article 4
Second Schedule	Article 59 Article 65 Article 75 Article 97 Article 125 Article 148 Article 158 Article 164 Article 186 Article 221
Third Schedule	Article 75 Article 84 Article 99 Article 124 Article 146 Article 173 Article 188 Article 219
Fourth Schedule	Article 4 and Article 80
Fifth Schedule	Article 244
Sixth Schedule	Article 244 and Article 275
Seventh Schedule	Article 246
Eighth Schedule	Article 344 and Article 351
Ninth Schedule	Article 31-B
Tenth Schedule	Article 102 and Article 191
Eleventh Schedule	Article 243-G
Twelfth Schedule	Article 243-W